How to Create Intro and Ending Sections for Jazz Standards
What was the question?
Member Noel Maylor asked for clarification on how to structure an introduction and, specifically, a "bridge" for a song. While the term "bridge" usually refers to the B section of a AABA form, the context suggested Noel was asking about transitions and endings. The discussion focused on how to clearly start and finish a tune without confusing the rhythm section. [01:27]
The core idea (in plain English)
The most "lazy" yet effective way to create an introduction is to take the last eight measures of the melody. This establishes the groove and harmonic language before the head begins. For endings, you can reuse this intro concept to create a "tag." Additionally, there is a specific harmonic formula involving the Sharp 11 chord that works for almost any ballad ending. By knowing these formulas, you allow other players to follow you easily. [03:36]
Fretboard breakdown (what to play)
To create a professional "Ballad Ending," follow this chromatic movement starting from the Tonic note:
Step 1: Establish the Key (e.g., Key of F).
Step 2: Play the Tonic note (F) but harmonize it with a Dominant 7th Sharp 11 (Sharp 4) chord. To the ear, this sounds like B7#11 with F in the melody. [03:36]
Step 3: Move everything down chromatically.
Step 4: Land on the Major 7th chord.
This creates a progression of #IVm7(b5) or Dom7 -> V7 -> bII7 -> I. It resolves tension beautifully while keeping the listener engaged. [06:04]
Common mistake to avoid
Avoid playing the pure dominant chord as the final tonic sound. You cannot put the dominant as the tonic; you must resolve it to the Major 7th or 6th chord for the song to feel "finished." If you end on the flat 2 dominant without resolving, the audience will keep waiting for the next chord. [06:04]
A 10-minute practice assignment
Take a standard you are currently working on. Isolate the last 8 bars of the melody and practice playing them as an introduction. Next, practice the chromatic "Sharp 11" ending in three different keys (F, Bb, Eb) to get the grip under your fingers. [06:04]
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