Tonic vs. Non-Tonic in the FDA: Getting the Chord Function Right

Tonic vs. Non-Tonic in the FDA: Getting the Chord Function Right

Knowing whether a chord is tonic or non-tonic in the FDA determines which diagonal line you use — and getting that wrong means the whole system breaks down. This post clarifies the G minor 7 and E-flat major 7 relationship in the key of B-flat and explains how to apply tonic and non-tonic assignments consistently around the circle of fifths.

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Secondary Dominants and Upper Structure Chords Inside the FDA

Secondary Dominants and Upper Structure Chords Inside the FDA

Secondary dominants follow a specific rule — circle-of-fifths motion resolving to a diatonic chord — and within the FDA, their upper structure chords are simply Wes Line or Django Line structures sitting a half step above the resolution point. This post explains how every secondary dominant fits into the same binary framework you already know.

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